مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1394)

The present study aimed at analyzing the role of internal and external factors on consumers' decision-making in their free time with the approach of physical activity. The method was descriptive and field. The statistic population included users of parks and sport clubs in Tehran city. 402 subjects (206 men, 196 women) were selected as the sample by cluster random sampling method. A researcher-made 50-item questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed by 15 university professors and experts and its reliability was computed more than 0.7 in a preliminary test with 30 subjects using Cronbach's alpha test for all indicators. Descriptive statistics including central tendency, dispersion and frequency percentage were used to describe data. For data analysis, KMO test was used for sample efficiency; exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify factors and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the variables using SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.8. The results showed that internal factors played a more important role in consumers' decision-making in their free time with the approach of physical activity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interpersonal organizational communications on staff's occupational life quality and its role in organizational commitment of sport organizations. The study was analytical and model exploration conducted based on a field method. Statistical population included staff of Kurdistan Sport and Youth general office (N=250). 152 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. To determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used. Personal Information Questionnaire, Occupational Life Quality Questionnaire (0.85), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (0.81) and Organizational Interpersonal Communication Questionnaire (0.86) were applied and their reliability and validity were confirmed. Inferential and descriptive statistical methods were applied using SPSS and LISREL. Findings showed a significant relationship between organizational interpersonal communication, occupational life quality and organizational commitment. Moreover, the recommended model had a proper fit. As interpersonal communications influenced occupational life quality and organizational commitment, communication skills should be emphasized by managers.

Sporting venues as social spaces which are directly related to individuals need to attract more customers for better performance and higher income. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental features of sport areas on attracting customers with respect to the concept of responsive environments. Research method was descriptive-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all customers of Enghelab Sport Complex (N=20000). Base on Morgan Table, 350 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. A 25-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined by α-Cronbach =0.81. In this study, from seven factros of responsive environment, permeability, variety, legibility, robustness, visual appropriateness and richness had a significant relationship with customer attraction in Enghelab Sport Complex. Also, permeability was the most important factor. With regard to these findings, easy accessibility to the sport areas in Enghelab Sport Complex, offering various services and also attractive environment of this sport area were the factors that played a role in customers' choice and they need be receive more attention by managers of this complex.

The aim of this study was to study the status of physical education course in the first grade of elementary schools in Iran. The population consisted of 76 subjects including physical education deputies of general offices of all provinces and course planning authorities of departments. Data were collected using interview, an open questionnaire and a closed questionnaire (in two parts: internal factors and external factors) in 5-point Likert Scale which was distributed among the population. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by several professors and experts and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha as 7.52 for internal environment and 7.19 for external environment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and single-sample test and factor analysis. Also, after the analysis of the internal and external environments and the application of matrix assessment, it was obvious that physical education in the first grade of primary schools was located in ST position so aggressive strategies must be used. It is suggested that physical education managers and planners observe deeply the strengths obtained in this study and make students closer to the approach of this physical education course (i.e. obtain and maintain health).

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the dimensions of the brand association in football premier league. The research method was mixed (qualitative- quantitative) and the statistical population consisted of sport management experts. 11 subjects were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. In qualitative phase, main concepts and categories were obtained by content analysis. Data coding was continued to axial coding phase and finally 12 main categories were obtained. In the quantitative phase, the obtained codes were prioritized using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software. The results showed that in the dimension of 'benefits', 'excitement' (relative weight=0.308) and in the dimension of 'attributes', 'star player' (relative weight=0.274) achieved most importance. Other factors were next priorities according to their criteria. Results showed that the identified brand associations affected the attractiveness of the league. An emphasis on positive associations provided more desirability for the spectators which affected their more attendance.

This study aimed at examining the relationship of work-family conflict management with job satisfaction and performance among football league referees. The method was correlation and field. The statistical population included 212 football referees (98 referees working in premier league and 114 referees working in 1st division). The sample consisted of 78 premier league referees and 81 referees from 1st division selected by stratified random sampling method using Morgan Table. Netmayer and Mcmarian (1996) Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (α=0.87), Smith et al. Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (2001) (α=0.89) and Hersey and Goldsmith Job Performance Questionnaire (1981) (α=0.83) were used to collect data. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation and Friedman test were used. Results showed no significant relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction and performance of football referees. There was a significant positive relationship only between work-family conflict and satisfaction from colleagues. In addition, football referees attached the highest priority to satisfaction from work and the lowest priority to salary and benefits among all job satisfaction factors. Therefore, an efficient relationship between a referee and his colleagues plays an effective role in improving referees' personal life and job satisfaction.

Quantum paradigm in management is one of the new management methods which have received the attention of many scientists of management. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of quantum management on entrepreneurial behaviors of employees of Sport and Youth Organization of Isfahan province. The method of this study was descriptive-correlation and the population included all the managers and staff members of Sport and Youth Organization of Isfahan province in 2015 (N=405). The size of the sample was calculated according to the Kerjcie and Morgan Table (n=196). The method of sampling was stratified random sampling. Two researcher-made questionnaires of quantum management (validity: 0.71, reliability: 0.84) and entrepreneurship (validity: 0.75, reliability: 0.80) were employed. The regression test was used for data analysis. The results indicated that improving innovation, interaction, risk tacking, self-identification and opportunity identification were predicted by quantum seeing, quantum thinking, quantum feeling, quantum knowing, quantum acting, quantum being and quantum trust. Hence, implementing the quantum management methods in Sport and Youth Organization, especially the subset of that organization in Isfahan province, may improve the employees’ entrepreneurial behaviors in that organization.

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare weight-loss programs in weight class sports and determine the legal liability of coaches for the damages of these programs in athletes with various age groups. The method of this study was descriptive-explanatory, field and library study. Participants were 985 athletes and 98 coaches of boxing, judo, weightlifting, taekwondo, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling. The results showed that 80.25% of athletes who participated in this study used fast method of weight loss significantly more than other methods (t=4.16; P<0.05). This method occurred in 70.05% of participants repeatedly. 93% of coaches were aware of short-term and long-term psychological / physical damages of this method. Above 86% of them had non-related education. Legal reviews revealed that coaches' liability for short-term and long-term psychological / physical damages of fast method was clear as follows: coaching skills and permission, operation and non-operation. Therefore, legal liability of the coaches in this domain - especially in children and adolescent age groups - is obvious.